Aluminum Weights 3/11/11A:
4.1g pH 8
B: 3.8g pH 10
C: 4.1g pH 11
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.3g pH 6
F: 4.2g pH 4
This is the last experiment day, Clorox started corroding the aluminum, and Drano provided outstanding results
Saturday, March 19, 2011
Blog 49 3/11/11
The Steel Weights & pH 3/11/11:
A: 22.9g pH 9
B: 25.4g pH 10
C: 25.3g pH 10.3
D: 25.4g pH 8
E: 25.8g pH 6.5
F: 25.3g pH 5
There is much change, every place for the steel is corroded slightly, rust orange water for clorox, clear for drano, light blue for ammonia, white powdery for water, dark gray and white on the edges for salt, and whiter for Sulfuric Acid.
A: 22.9g pH 9
B: 25.4g pH 10
C: 25.3g pH 10.3
D: 25.4g pH 8
E: 25.8g pH 6.5
F: 25.3g pH 5
There is much change, every place for the steel is corroded slightly, rust orange water for clorox, clear for drano, light blue for ammonia, white powdery for water, dark gray and white on the edges for salt, and whiter for Sulfuric Acid.
Thursday, March 10, 2011
Blog 48 3/10/11
The Copper Weights & pH 3/8/11:
A: 18.6g pH 8
B: 18.3g pH 11
C: 18.7g pH 11
D: 19.1g pH 8
E: 17.6g pH 7.5
F: 17.3g pH 4.5
There seems to be lessening corrosion. However, many copper pieces had continuous corrosion, and a some of corrosion today. Clorox has the most, and sulfuric acid has some as well. It is also interesting to see ammonia corroding the metal as well. I finally took my camera to school to take pictures of the metals, but the memory card was full after just the copper. I researched water pollutants, and there is $400 million each year to treat water for just the pesticide Atrazine.
A: 18.6g pH 8
B: 18.3g pH 11
C: 18.7g pH 11
D: 19.1g pH 8
E: 17.6g pH 7.5
F: 17.3g pH 4.5
There seems to be lessening corrosion. However, many copper pieces had continuous corrosion, and a some of corrosion today. Clorox has the most, and sulfuric acid has some as well. It is also interesting to see ammonia corroding the metal as well. I finally took my camera to school to take pictures of the metals, but the memory card was full after just the copper. I researched water pollutants, and there is $400 million each year to treat water for just the pesticide Atrazine.
Wednesday, March 9, 2011
Blog 47 3/9/11
Aluminum Weights 3/9/11
A: 4.1g pH 8
B: 3.9g pH 10
C: 4.2g pH 11
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.4g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4The aluminum is being corroded in every category except SA and water. There is a definite gray layer above salt water, and there is slight white powder around clorox and ammonia to show they corroded as well. However, there is no change as much as drano. It went down another 0.1 by today.
Tuesday, March 8, 2011
Blog 46 3/9/11
The Steel Weights & pH 3/9/11:
A: 23.1g pH 9
B: 25.4g pH 10
C: 25.3g pH 10.3
D: 25.6g pH 8
E: 25.9g pH 6.5
F: 25.4g pH 5
A: 23.1g pH 9
B: 25.4g pH 10
C: 25.3g pH 10.3
D: 25.6g pH 8
E: 25.9g pH 6.5
F: 25.4g pH 5
There is much change, every place for the steel is corroded slightly, rust orange water for clorox, clear for drano, light blue for ammonia, white powdery for water, dark gray and white on the edges for salt, and whiter for Sulfuric Acid.
Blog 45 3/8/11
The Copper Weights & pH 3/8/11:
A: 18.7g pH 9
B: 18.3g pH 11
C: 18.8g pH 11
D: 19.1g pH 8
E: 17.6g pH 7.5
F: 17.4g pH 4.5
There is much corrosion, especially surface corrosion. It does not seem like much, but then I remembered that the green oxidation form comes much later, after the dark form, and most metals are getting darker, except water. This is reinforced by the fact that copper is a extremely good metal for corrosive resistant products, in pipes, it cost 3-4 times as much than steel pipes. The corroded water for clorox is dark dark green, almost none for drano, dark blue for ammonia, none for water, light green for salt water, and none for sulfuric acid
A: 18.7g pH 9
B: 18.3g pH 11
C: 18.8g pH 11
D: 19.1g pH 8
E: 17.6g pH 7.5
F: 17.4g pH 4.5
There is much corrosion, especially surface corrosion. It does not seem like much, but then I remembered that the green oxidation form comes much later, after the dark form, and most metals are getting darker, except water. This is reinforced by the fact that copper is a extremely good metal for corrosive resistant products, in pipes, it cost 3-4 times as much than steel pipes. The corroded water for clorox is dark dark green, almost none for drano, dark blue for ammonia, none for water, light green for salt water, and none for sulfuric acid
Blog 44 3/7/11
Aluminum Weights 3/7/11
A: 4.1g pH 8
B: 4.0g pH 10
C: 4.3g pH 11
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.4g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4
Drano is steadily decreasing, 0.1g per day. I predict that the aluminum oxide will stop corrosion, and there will be less corrosion as I leave it there longer. Some corrosion with salt water, not much.
A: 4.1g pH 8
B: 4.0g pH 10
C: 4.3g pH 11
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.4g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4
Drano is steadily decreasing, 0.1g per day. I predict that the aluminum oxide will stop corrosion, and there will be less corrosion as I leave it there longer. Some corrosion with salt water, not much.
Blog 43 3/6/11
I learned that the oxide that aluminum makes is a gray layer that forms above the metal. In my experiment, there is gray in Drano, and salt water. Though there is not much weight change with salt water, the surface observation shows that there is corrosion. However, one should take in mind that corrosion is a long process that takes years.
Blog 42 3/5/11
The aluminum is corroding much more with the base than with the acid, just as my research said. All my research comes from the books that I used in my research paper. However with aluminum, had much less corrosion potential for acids. Also in aluminum, the corroded layer is supposed to protect the aluminum from further corrosion because it forms a tight layer of oxide. Water, Clorox, Ammonia, Salt Water, and SA are not corroding well.
Blog 41 3/4/11
The Steel Weights & pH 3/4/11:
A: 23.3g pH 9
B: 25.7g pH 10
C: 25.3g pH 10.3
D: 25.6g pH 8
E: 25.9g pH 6.5
F: 25.4g pH 5The corrosion seems to have stopped in all but clorox, the ammonia is still a blue color, and the salt makes a slightly darker steel, the shiny protective original layer is gone. Even water has some corrosion. The Drano has the least amount of corrosion, even less than water. The clorox definitely has the most surface corrosion.
A: 23.3g pH 9
B: 25.7g pH 10
C: 25.3g pH 10.3
D: 25.6g pH 8
E: 25.9g pH 6.5
F: 25.4g pH 5The corrosion seems to have stopped in all but clorox, the ammonia is still a blue color, and the salt makes a slightly darker steel, the shiny protective original layer is gone. Even water has some corrosion. The Drano has the least amount of corrosion, even less than water. The clorox definitely has the most surface corrosion.
Blog 40 3/4/11
Aluminum Weights 3/4/11
A: 4.1g pH 8
B: 4.1g pH 10
C: 4.3g pH 11
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.5g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4
However, Drano seems to be drastically bringing the metal down, and the effect is instantaneous. Some of the aluminum surface corroded, and left a white substance in the Drano.
A: 4.1g pH 8
B: 4.1g pH 10
C: 4.3g pH 11
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.5g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4
However, Drano seems to be drastically bringing the metal down, and the effect is instantaneous. Some of the aluminum surface corroded, and left a white substance in the Drano.
Blog 39 3/3/11
The Copper Weights & pH 3/3/11:
A: 18.9g pH 9
B: 18.3g pH 11
C: 19.0g pH 11
D: 19.1g pH 8
E: 17.8g pH 7.5
F: 17.5g pH 4.5
Some of the metals actually increased in weight, the corrosion cannot add on to the metals, so there must have been a problem with the weights or there was still some liquid trapped in the metal. I plan to blow dry it longer, so all the liquid evaporates. The ammonia leaves a blue trace on the copper, clorox made it blackish, and the color of the water is green, like the statute of liberty. Sulfuric acid does not look like it is affecting the metal a lot, but in fact, it has the second most corrosion. Copper has the least corrosion among the three.
A: 18.9g pH 9
B: 18.3g pH 11
C: 19.0g pH 11
D: 19.1g pH 8
E: 17.8g pH 7.5
F: 17.5g pH 4.5
Some of the metals actually increased in weight, the corrosion cannot add on to the metals, so there must have been a problem with the weights or there was still some liquid trapped in the metal. I plan to blow dry it longer, so all the liquid evaporates. The ammonia leaves a blue trace on the copper, clorox made it blackish, and the color of the water is green, like the statute of liberty. Sulfuric acid does not look like it is affecting the metal a lot, but in fact, it has the second most corrosion. Copper has the least corrosion among the three.
Blog 38 3/2/11
Aluminum Weights 3/2/11
A: 4.2g pH 8
B: 4.2g pH 11
C: 4.3g pH 12.5
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.5g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4
The aluminum is not corroding alot in surface or weight. However, Drano is affecting it the most, in 2 days, it lost 0.1 gram!
A: 4.2g pH 8
B: 4.2g pH 11
C: 4.3g pH 12.5
D: 4.5g pH 6
E: 4.5g pH 6
F: 4.3g pH 4
The aluminum is not corroding alot in surface or weight. However, Drano is affecting it the most, in 2 days, it lost 0.1 gram!
Blog 37 3/2/11
The Steel Weights & pH 3/2/11:
A: 23.4g pH 9
B: 25.7g pH 10
C: 25.1g pH 10.3
D: 25.6g pH 8
E: 25.9g pH 6.5
F: 25.4g pH 5
I am observing lots of corrosion in the surface observation, but not too much weight change. Clorox has the most surface observation change, but sulfuric acid has them most weight corrosion.
A: 23.4g pH 9
B: 25.7g pH 10
C: 25.1g pH 10.3
D: 25.6g pH 8
E: 25.9g pH 6.5
F: 25.4g pH 5
I am observing lots of corrosion in the surface observation, but not too much weight change. Clorox has the most surface observation change, but sulfuric acid has them most weight corrosion.
Blog 36 3/1/11
The Copper Weights & pH 3/1/11:
A: 18.9g pH 9
B: 18.2g pH 11
C: 19.1g pH 11
D: 18.9g pH 8
E: 17.6g pH 7.5
F: 17.4g pH 4.5
Today, I measured the copper weights. It went as routine, drying, blow drying, measuring, and pH. There is less and less corrosion in the copper, but the corroded layer seems to stay on tight to the metal. The pH is also changing a bit, the clorox is same and drano is same, but ammonia is falling, water is rising, salt water is rising, and SA is also rising.
A: 18.9g pH 9
B: 18.2g pH 11
C: 19.1g pH 11
D: 18.9g pH 8
E: 17.6g pH 7.5
F: 17.4g pH 4.5
Today, I measured the copper weights. It went as routine, drying, blow drying, measuring, and pH. There is less and less corrosion in the copper, but the corroded layer seems to stay on tight to the metal. The pH is also changing a bit, the clorox is same and drano is same, but ammonia is falling, water is rising, salt water is rising, and SA is also rising.
Blog 35 2/28/11
Aluminum Original Weights 2/28/11A: 4.2g
B: 4.3g
C: 4.3g
D: 4.5g
E: 4.5g
F: 4.3g
Today, I added another metal, aluminum. This is because I was doing research, and I found out the corrosive potential of aluminum is incredible, even greater than iron! In addition, aluminum corrodes greatly in bases as well, and I only have one acid, and the rest neutrals or bases. So having aluminum could be useful. I set up the aluminum like I set up all the other metals, in 3, A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3. I sanded all the metals so the oxidized layer would not be a protection to corrosion, and I put it in the water pollutant.
B: 4.3g
C: 4.3g
D: 4.5g
E: 4.5g
F: 4.3g
Today, I added another metal, aluminum. This is because I was doing research, and I found out the corrosive potential of aluminum is incredible, even greater than iron! In addition, aluminum corrodes greatly in bases as well, and I only have one acid, and the rest neutrals or bases. So having aluminum could be useful. I set up the aluminum like I set up all the other metals, in 3, A3, B3, C3, D3, E3, F3. I sanded all the metals so the oxidized layer would not be a protection to corrosion, and I put it in the water pollutant.
Blog 34 2/25/11
The Steel Weights & pH 2/25/11:
A: 23.6g pH 9
B: 25.7g pH 11
C: 25.1g pH 11.2
D: 25.6g pH 6
E: 25.8g pH 6
F: 25.4g pH 4
Today, I noticed many things. One of them is the fact that the Clorox is so rust colored that you cannot see the metal underneath. Though there is a lot of visual corrosion, there is minimal weight loss, which seems strange to me. The pH is also irregular, with Clorox raising and water and salt water rising, and the pH of drano and ammonia falling. Some of the corroded layer is black, and the major changes happened in the Clorox, ammonia, salt water, and sulfuric acid. An interesting note is that water has more corrosion than drano. After doing some research, I think that I should go buy aluminum over the weekend, and test for it, as its corrosion potential is supposed to exceed even iron.
A: 23.6g pH 9
B: 25.7g pH 11
C: 25.1g pH 11.2
D: 25.6g pH 6
E: 25.8g pH 6
F: 25.4g pH 4
Today, I noticed many things. One of them is the fact that the Clorox is so rust colored that you cannot see the metal underneath. Though there is a lot of visual corrosion, there is minimal weight loss, which seems strange to me. The pH is also irregular, with Clorox raising and water and salt water rising, and the pH of drano and ammonia falling. Some of the corroded layer is black, and the major changes happened in the Clorox, ammonia, salt water, and sulfuric acid. An interesting note is that water has more corrosion than drano. After doing some research, I think that I should go buy aluminum over the weekend, and test for it, as its corrosion potential is supposed to exceed even iron.
Blog 33 2/23/11
The Copper Weights & pH 2/23/11:
A: 18.9g pH 9
B: 18.2g pH 10.4
C: 19.4g pH 11
D: 18.9g pH 6.5
E: 17.7g pH 7
F: 17.4g pH 4I noticed many changes. The most change that I observed was Clorox, salt water, and sulfuric acid. The others did not have much effect on copper. The pH changed, with Clorox raising and water and salt water rising, and the pH of Drano and ammonia falling.
A: 18.9g pH 9
B: 18.2g pH 10.4
C: 19.4g pH 11
D: 18.9g pH 6.5
E: 17.7g pH 7
F: 17.4g pH 4I noticed many changes. The most change that I observed was Clorox, salt water, and sulfuric acid. The others did not have much effect on copper. The pH changed, with Clorox raising and water and salt water rising, and the pH of Drano and ammonia falling.
Blog 32 2/22/11
The Steel Weights & pH 2/22/11:
A: 23.7g pH 8
B: 25.7g pH 11
C: 25.2g pH 12
D: 25.6g pH 6
E: 25.9g pH 6
F: 25.5g pH 4
The steel has corroded greatly, and it has shown most in the Clorox/chlorine. Though it is not the greatest weight change, it has the most apparent rust. The ammonia is still a dark blue, and the drano is clear. The least change came from the drano and ammonia. Even water had change. When dried, the metal each left a white residue that covered it totally. Sulfuric acid corroded the metal definitely, but it did it in a way that the metal did not have seen rust, but corroded the metal weight, and left the metal looking slightly shriveled.
A: 23.7g pH 8
B: 25.7g pH 11
C: 25.2g pH 12
D: 25.6g pH 6
E: 25.9g pH 6
F: 25.5g pH 4
The steel has corroded greatly, and it has shown most in the Clorox/chlorine. Though it is not the greatest weight change, it has the most apparent rust. The ammonia is still a dark blue, and the drano is clear. The least change came from the drano and ammonia. Even water had change. When dried, the metal each left a white residue that covered it totally. Sulfuric acid corroded the metal definitely, but it did it in a way that the metal did not have seen rust, but corroded the metal weight, and left the metal looking slightly shriveled.
Blog 31 2/21/11
Today, I learned how hard corrosion hits the U.S. in different places. It hits New Jersey moderately to severely, it is one of the most corrosion places in the U.S. with that in consideration, there is less corrosion in the U.S. than other places like Africa.
Blog 30 2/19/11
Corrosion can happen by soil, or even atmospheric. In atmospheric, it could be by dew, fog, or rain. Acid rain promotes corrosion, and there could be dew and fog with acid rain traces as well. When rain lands on soil, i seeps through, and if the rain is acidic, so will the soil be. Soil can also corrode metals, that are touching the soil above-ground, or even below ground, such as underground pipes.
Blog 29 2/18/11
Today I researched how much money corrosion costs the U.S. a year, and it turns out that the U.S. Government spends 150 billions dollars a year just on corrosion of infrastructure. That is only for corrosion, cleaning up the water pollutants that cause corrosion cost even more on top of that.
Blog 28 2/17/11
The Changed Copper Weights & pH 2/17/11:
A: 19.1g pH 8: Corrosion Raw copper visible, black
B: 18.2g pH 10 Corrosion, change in weight, no change in appearance. Drano solution still clear
C: 19.0g pH 11 No corrosion, minimal change in weight, color of ammonia is blue, copper shinier.
D: 19.4g pH 7.5 darker than normal, minimal corrosion
E: 17.4g pH 7.2 corrosion, change in weight, no change in color.
F: 17.3g pH 4.6 no change in color, change in weight, change in appearance
Today, I brought a hair-dryer, and dried out all the metals. This definitely helped, and the metals lost weight.
A: 19.1g pH 8: Corrosion Raw copper visible, black
B: 18.2g pH 10 Corrosion, change in weight, no change in appearance. Drano solution still clear
C: 19.0g pH 11 No corrosion, minimal change in weight, color of ammonia is blue, copper shinier.
D: 19.4g pH 7.5 darker than normal, minimal corrosion
E: 17.4g pH 7.2 corrosion, change in weight, no change in color.
F: 17.3g pH 4.6 no change in color, change in weight, change in appearance
Today, I brought a hair-dryer, and dried out all the metals. This definitely helped, and the metals lost weight.
Monday, March 7, 2011
Blog 27 2/16/11
The Changed Steel Weights & pH 2/16/11:
A: 24.0g White crusty and definite rust around and on the metal
B: 25.6g same as clorax
C: 25.4g clue color, not much change except white
D: 25.3g almost no change
E: 26.0g looks like original, but there is corrosion
F: 25.4g looks whiter as if color left it slightly dried look
No pH change
All steel pieces were white around the edges
I found it strange that most of my experiments increased in weight. Though I dried it carefully, I did not want the corrosion to come off. Therefore, some moisture could have contributed to the 0.1-4g increase. Tomorrow, I will bring a blog dryer, to dry the metal.
A: 24.0g White crusty and definite rust around and on the metal
B: 25.6g same as clorax
C: 25.4g clue color, not much change except white
D: 25.3g almost no change
E: 26.0g looks like original, but there is corrosion
F: 25.4g looks whiter as if color left it slightly dried look
No pH change
All steel pieces were white around the edges
I found it strange that most of my experiments increased in weight. Though I dried it carefully, I did not want the corrosion to come off. Therefore, some moisture could have contributed to the 0.1-4g increase. Tomorrow, I will bring a blog dryer, to dry the metal.
Blog 26 2/15/11
The Changed Copper Weights & pH 2/15/11:
A: 19.8g Darker color than originally, green copper oxide forming.
B: 18.3g Same color, white foamy on edges of metal
C: 19.1g Shiner than original, no other change other than the ammonia is now a light blue.
D: 19.6g No change
E: 17.8g No change
F: 17.5g No change
No pH change
A: 19.8g Darker color than originally, green copper oxide forming.
B: 18.3g Same color, white foamy on edges of metal
C: 19.1g Shiner than original, no other change other than the ammonia is now a light blue.
D: 19.6g No change
E: 17.8g No change
F: 17.5g No change
No pH change
Blog 25 2/14/11
The Steel Original Weights & pH 2/14/11:
A: 24.1g pH 8
B: 25.7g pH 11
C: 25.5g pH 12
D: 25.7g pH 6
E: 26.1g pH 6
F: 25.5g pH 4
Flat raw steel
A: 24.1g pH 8
B: 25.7g pH 11
C: 25.5g pH 12
D: 25.7g pH 6
E: 26.1g pH 6
F: 25.5g pH 4
Flat raw steel
Blog 24 2/14/11
The Copper Original Weights & pH 2/14/11:
A: 19.4g pH 8
B: 18.5g pH 11
C: 19.0g pH 12.5
D: 19.5g pH 6
E: 17.8g pH 6
F: 17.5g pH 4
Dull copper color, all solutions are clear
A: 19.4g pH 8
B: 18.5g pH 11
C: 19.0g pH 12.5
D: 19.5g pH 6
E: 17.8g pH 6
F: 17.5g pH 4
Dull copper color, all solutions are clear
Blog 23 2/12/11 Procedure
Today in class, I started my experiment.
Procedure:
1. Put goggles, apron, and mask on
2. Put 12 8 cm piece of tape on a side of each of the 12 containers
3. Label each of the 12 cups differently with the sharpie pen: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2
4. Rub sandpaper on each piece of metal thoroughly for 5 seconds.
5. Mark each piece of steel 1-6, and each piece of copper 1-6 with the sharpie pen
6. Weigh each piece of metal by using the gram scale, and record under its corresponding number (The letters refer to the different types of water pollutants, and the number 1 refers to copper, and 2 refers to steel)
7. Take a picture of each metal with the number facing the camera
8. Uncap the lid of each containers
9. Measure 35 mL Clorax in a measuring cup, and pour it into container A1
10. Repeat step 8 into container A2
11. Wash out the measuring cup with water, and dry it with a paper towel
12. Repeat steps 8-10 with Drano and B1 and B2
13. Repeat steps 8-10 with Ammonia and C1 and C2
14. Repeat steps 8-10 with Water and D1 and D2
15. With a measuring cup, measure 5 mL of sea salt, and with a graduated cylinder, measure 30 mL of water
16. Pour the water into the measuring cup with the salt, and stir it with a stirring stick for 15 seconds
17. Pour the salt solution into the container E1 and E2
18. Repeat steps 8-10 with Sulfuric Acid and F1 and F2
19. Put each metal part in its corresponding container (Copper 1 in container A1, Steel 1 in container A2)
20. Test each solution with pH paper, determine it's pH, and record in the data table
21. Shut each container with a lid
22. Every Monday, and Wednesday, take all of the copper pieces out, and run gently under water for 10 seconds
23. Gently dab at the copper until the copper is dry
24. Measure the weight of all of the copper pieces, determine the solution's pH, and record
25. Repeat steps 22-24 on Tuesday and Thursday with the steel
Procedure:
1. Put goggles, apron, and mask on
2. Put 12 8 cm piece of tape on a side of each of the 12 containers
3. Label each of the 12 cups differently with the sharpie pen: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2
4. Rub sandpaper on each piece of metal thoroughly for 5 seconds.
5. Mark each piece of steel 1-6, and each piece of copper 1-6 with the sharpie pen
6. Weigh each piece of metal by using the gram scale, and record under its corresponding number (The letters refer to the different types of water pollutants, and the number 1 refers to copper, and 2 refers to steel)
7. Take a picture of each metal with the number facing the camera
8. Uncap the lid of each containers
9. Measure 35 mL Clorax in a measuring cup, and pour it into container A1
10. Repeat step 8 into container A2
11. Wash out the measuring cup with water, and dry it with a paper towel
12. Repeat steps 8-10 with Drano and B1 and B2
13. Repeat steps 8-10 with Ammonia and C1 and C2
14. Repeat steps 8-10 with Water and D1 and D2
15. With a measuring cup, measure 5 mL of sea salt, and with a graduated cylinder, measure 30 mL of water
16. Pour the water into the measuring cup with the salt, and stir it with a stirring stick for 15 seconds
17. Pour the salt solution into the container E1 and E2
18. Repeat steps 8-10 with Sulfuric Acid and F1 and F2
19. Put each metal part in its corresponding container (Copper 1 in container A1, Steel 1 in container A2)
20. Test each solution with pH paper, determine it's pH, and record in the data table
21. Shut each container with a lid
22. Every Monday, and Wednesday, take all of the copper pieces out, and run gently under water for 10 seconds
23. Gently dab at the copper until the copper is dry
24. Measure the weight of all of the copper pieces, determine the solution's pH, and record
25. Repeat steps 22-24 on Tuesday and Thursday with the steel
Blog 22 2/11/11
Corrosion can happen underground too, if the soil is soaked with water, and there is a pipe underground. The part of the soil with more oxygen is the cathode, and the part with less is the anode.
Blog 21 2/10/11
Today I researched how much money corrosion costs the U.S. a year, and it turns out that the U.S. Government spends 150 billions dollars a year just on corrosion of infrastructure.
Blog 20 2/9/11
More in-depth about corrosion:
Ore+Energy->Iron+Alloying->Steel+Corrosion->Energy Released->Iron Ore
It means the humans put energy in the ore to make the iron. Iron plus alloying makes steel, for industrial purposes. When steel corrodes, energy is released, and therefore it returns back to iron ore.
Ore+Energy->Iron+Alloying->Steel+Corrosion->Energy Released->Iron Ore
It means the humans put energy in the ore to make the iron. Iron plus alloying makes steel, for industrial purposes. When steel corrodes, energy is released, and therefore it returns back to iron ore.
Blog 19 2/8/11 Galvanic Corrosion
This is similar to regular 1 metal corrosion.Though this is useful in the way that the concepts of batteries are based on this, it is harmful because it can cause harm to structures. For instance, if an aluminum bridge with steel bolts, is exposed to rain, then the aluminum structure of the bridge will corrode because it gives off more ions than steel does. The anode gives the steel the ions, because of the electrochemical reaction, before the reaction, there is no anode or cathode.
Blog 18 2/7/11 Galvanic Corrosion
Galvanic corrosion is another type of corrosion, that involves 2 metals. If there are two different metals in contact with a solution, the two metals and the solution turn into a closed circuit. Because the metals are different, how many ions that they give to the solution(electrolyte) is different, so electricity will flow between them, and they will corrode. The metal that gives off more ions is the anode, and the one that does not is the cathode.
Blog 17 2/6/11
I learned that without oxygen, corrosion is impossible. Everything oxidizes, including humans as well, if there was no oxygen, humans would die, but they would not age. Everything deteriorating is because of oxygen. Corrosion is a specific deterioration, that needs oxygen. The water needs dissolved oxygen inside it for the corrosion to happen. On top of the anode, cathode and electrolyte, oxygen has to be present, such as dissolved oxygen.
Blog 16 2/4-5/11
In corrosion, there has to be 3 essential ingredients, the anode, cathode, and electrolyte.
The anode def is:Anode: One of the two dissimilar metal electrodes in an electrolytic cell, represented as the negative terminal of the cell. Electrons are released at the anode, which is the more reactive metal.
Electrons are insoluble in aqueous solutions and they only move, through the wire connection into the cathode. An anode is positive and the cathode is negative.
The cathode def is: One of the two electrodes in an electrolytic cell represented as a positive terminal of a cell. Reduction takes place at the cathode and electrons are consumed.
The electrolyte def is: It is the electrically conductive solution that must be present for corrosion to occur.
The anode def is:Anode: One of the two dissimilar metal electrodes in an electrolytic cell, represented as the negative terminal of the cell. Electrons are released at the anode, which is the more reactive metal.
Electrons are insoluble in aqueous solutions and they only move, through the wire connection into the cathode. An anode is positive and the cathode is negative.
The cathode def is: One of the two electrodes in an electrolytic cell represented as a positive terminal of a cell. Reduction takes place at the cathode and electrons are consumed.
The electrolyte def is: It is the electrically conductive solution that must be present for corrosion to occur.
Blog 15 2/3/11 Data Table
| Date | Water Pollutant | Symbol | pH | pH Change | Weight | Weight Change | Comments/Surface Observations |
| Day 1 | Clorox |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Drano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Ammonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water (Control) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salt Water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Day 2 | Clorox |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Drano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ammonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water (Control) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salt Water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sulfuric Acid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Day 3 | Clorox |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Drano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ammonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water (Control) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salt Water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sulfuric Acid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Day 4 | Clorox |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Drano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Ammonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water (Control) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Salt Water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sulfuric Acid |
|
|
|
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|
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| Day 5 | Clorox |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Drano |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Water (Control) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Salt Water |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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| Sulfuric Acid |
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|
|
|
|
Blog 14 2/2/11 Water Pollution
The sources of water pollutants are categorized as as point sources and non-point sources. The non-point sources are scattered areas where the pollutant enters the water. Several examples of this are rural homes, cities, cropland, animal feedlots, and developments. Air pollutants like sulfuric acid that produce acid or basic rain are also categorized as non-point sources. Point sources talk of water pollution that comes from specific location, such as pipes. Some types of water pollutants: sewage, bacteria, pathogens, viruses, chemicals.
Blog 13 2/1/11 Water Pollution
There is only 3% of fresh water in the Earth, and it it needless to say that water pollution is a serious problem. Everyone depends on fresh water. Salt water covers 70% of the earth. Water pollution happens from a variety of sources, from factories producing sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and calcium oxide, to cropland dumping pesticides. Eventually, all of these water pollutants end up in the water, through rain, groundwater, or rivers. Some of these wastes are human waste products as well.
Blog 12 1/31/11 Revised Hypothesis
Revised Hypothesis: If metal's exposure to water pollution has an effect on its corrosion, then there is change in the weight of metal that can be measured.
Blog 11 1/30/11 Materials
My materials are:
* Goggles
* Surgical Gloves
* Surgical Mask
* Drano
* Sulfuric Acid, H 2 SO 4
* Sea Salt
* Ammonia
* Clorox
* Measuring Cup
* Graduated Cylinder
* Tap Water
* pH Paper
* 2 Metal Pincers
* 6 Plastic Containers With Plastic Lids
* Sharpie Pen
* Tape
* Camera
* Goggles
* Surgical Gloves
* Surgical Mask
* Drano
* Sulfuric Acid, H 2 SO 4
* Sea Salt
* Ammonia
* Clorox
* Measuring Cup
* Graduated Cylinder
* Tap Water
* pH Paper
* 2 Metal Pincers
* 6 Plastic Containers With Plastic Lids
* Sharpie Pen
* Tape
* Camera
Blog 10 1/29/11 Hypothesis
Hypothesis: If the exposure of water pollution has and effect on corrosion of metals, then there is change in the weight of metal that we can measureI think this is a good hypothesis because in my mystery mixture science lab report, my hypothesis; If a chemical reaction occurs when varying amounts of citric acid solution is added to different amounts of sodium bicarbonate and water, and gas is produced, then the changes in the amount of gas produced can be measured using a syringe. was not broadly stated.
Blog 9 1/28/11
In dry air, metals are resistant to corrosion, but when the humidity rises above 60, there is a slow but definite corrosion. When there is 80% humidity, there is an increase in corrosion, and for greater than 80% humidity, the degree of corrosion is very high.
Blog 8 1/27/11
There are three categories of metals, metals that corrode, and keep corroding because they do not form protective layers, metals that initially corrode, then stop because their layers prevent them, and metals that are completely corrosion resistant. People do not use the metals that are completely corrosion resistant a lot, because they are generally extremely expensive, like gold, and platinum.
Blog 7 1/26/11
Corrosion is an electrochemical degradation of metals, and is accelerated by acids or bases. A common example of corrosion is rusting, with iron. When a metal corrodes, it forms a protective oxide layer surrounding the metal. Generally, it is supposed to stop corrosion, but sometimes, if the layer is not tight enough, it does not help prevent it.
Blog 6 1/25/11 Acid Rain
Acid Rain: The natural rain's pH is 5.6, but acid rain even goes to the 4s. pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5, and pH 10 is ten times more basic than pH 9, and so on and so forth. The composition of the acid in acid rain is mostly sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) that comes from cars and factories. This joins with the water vapor and droplets in the air, and falls as acid rain. When there is acid rain and groundwater pollution, the soil also gets acidic, and the soil could contribute to the corrosive effect for ground metals.
Blog 5 1/24/11 Corrosion Process
Corrosion of Iron
1) Fe -> + Fe2+ + 2e-Fe2+ is Positive Iron Ion
e- is Electron
1) Iron molecules give up electrons in the presence of water and oxygen dissolved into the water. This iron that lost electrons is positively charged. This is called positive iron ion, and they dissolve in the electrolyte.
2) O2 + 2H2O + 4e- -> 4OH-
O2 is Oxygen
H2O is Water
e- is Electron
OH- is Negative Hydroxide
2) The electrons move through the iron from the anode to the cathode, where hydroxide with a negative charge is formed through the chemical reaction of water, dissolving oxygen and the electrons.
3) Fe2+ + 2OH--> Fe(OH)2
Fe2+ is Positive Iron Ion
OH- is Negative Hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 is Ferrous Oxide
3) Ferrous hydroxide is formed when there is a chemical reaction between the negatively charged hydroxide reacts with positive iron ion in the electrolyte, and that ferrous oxide forms on the iron surface from the electrolyte.
4) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 -> 2Fe2O3 •H2O + 2H2O
O2 is Oxygen
Fe(OH)2 is Ferrous Oxide
2Fe2O3 •H2O is Rust
H2O is Water
4) In the presence of water and oxygen, ferrous hydroxide is extremely unstable and it forms rust with another chemical reaction with the water and dissolved oxygen.
(Wen-Yi Ouyang, Personal Communication, January 23, 2011)
1) Fe -> + Fe2+ + 2e-Fe2+ is Positive Iron Ion
e- is Electron
1) Iron molecules give up electrons in the presence of water and oxygen dissolved into the water. This iron that lost electrons is positively charged. This is called positive iron ion, and they dissolve in the electrolyte.
2) O2 + 2H2O + 4e- -> 4OH-
O2 is Oxygen
H2O is Water
e- is Electron
OH- is Negative Hydroxide
2) The electrons move through the iron from the anode to the cathode, where hydroxide with a negative charge is formed through the chemical reaction of water, dissolving oxygen and the electrons.
3) Fe2+ + 2OH--> Fe(OH)2
Fe2+ is Positive Iron Ion
OH- is Negative Hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 is Ferrous Oxide
3) Ferrous hydroxide is formed when there is a chemical reaction between the negatively charged hydroxide reacts with positive iron ion in the electrolyte, and that ferrous oxide forms on the iron surface from the electrolyte.
4) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 -> 2Fe2O3 •H2O + 2H2O
O2 is Oxygen
Fe(OH)2 is Ferrous Oxide
2Fe2O3 •H2O is Rust
H2O is Water
4) In the presence of water and oxygen, ferrous hydroxide is extremely unstable and it forms rust with another chemical reaction with the water and dissolved oxygen.
(Wen-Yi Ouyang, Personal Communication, January 23, 2011)
Blog 4 1/23/11 Experiment
It also turns out that water makes the corrosion happen, but if a base or an acid are included, the process of corrosion is greatly accelerated. This is such a problem because there is water everywhere, and water pollutants in the water. When it rains, everything is exposed. So the acid in the rain accelerates the corrosion of the metal. In addition, there is salts that are used to help the roads in the winter, and the salt eventually ends up in the water, in rivers and in groundwater. However, the one of the major concerns are major factories illegally dumping their wastes or burning into the atmosphere. This could make basic rain, and extremely harmful substances to our water, that in turn would help corrode the metals in frameworks. Even humidity contributes to the corrosion effect.
Blog 3 1/22/11 Experiment
My Experiment: The effect of water pollutants on the metals iron and copper.
Connections to the environment: This helps because there are an ever-increasing amount of water pollution, and the world is dependent on structures, generally with their foundations being metal. If these foundations are weakened, they can easily collapse, and cause human risk. The major water pollutants that I am working with are drano, which has sodium hydroxide in it, sulfuric acid, water, salt water, clorax which has chlorine in it, and ammonia. These are all major water pollutants, but of the numerous pollutants, I picked these because these were the most corrosive water pollutants I could get, and I have three weeks to do my experiment instead of years of corrosion that the pollutants have to be in contact with the metal to affect it.
Connections to the environment: This helps because there are an ever-increasing amount of water pollution, and the world is dependent on structures, generally with their foundations being metal. If these foundations are weakened, they can easily collapse, and cause human risk. The major water pollutants that I am working with are drano, which has sodium hydroxide in it, sulfuric acid, water, salt water, clorax which has chlorine in it, and ammonia. These are all major water pollutants, but of the numerous pollutants, I picked these because these were the most corrosive water pollutants I could get, and I have three weeks to do my experiment instead of years of corrosion that the pollutants have to be in contact with the metal to affect it.
Blog 2 1/21/11
Continuing from blog 1, one metal that forms a tight layer is aluminum. One that does not is iron. The metals do this, because most metals except gold and platinum are not found in its pure form, and have to use lots of energy to extract from its ore. Therefore, the metal extracted from the ore is highly unstable. Essentially, the process of corrosion is reversing the process of extracting the metal from the ore, to a more stable oxide.
Blog 1 1/20/11
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369090/materials-testing/80759/Corrosion
This article states that metals corrode because of a chemical reaction that changes some of the metal to a more stable material. This is the oxide for for the metals (iron's oxide being rust.) In general, the layer of oxide that forms on the metal is supposed to protect the metal from further corrosion, but metals that do not form a tight layer above the metal when corroded, continue corroding.
This article states that metals corrode because of a chemical reaction that changes some of the metal to a more stable material. This is the oxide for for the metals (iron's oxide being rust.) In general, the layer of oxide that forms on the metal is supposed to protect the metal from further corrosion, but metals that do not form a tight layer above the metal when corroded, continue corroding.
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